General Definition of Carbon Black
Over the years, many materials have been used as fillers in rubber compounds. In this sense, filler is a diluent and is used primarily to lower volume cost. With use, all fillers modify certain physical properties of the compound in addition to lowering cost. Carbon black is the world’s most important black pigment. It is a significant industrial and medical material. This month’s feature covers recent developments in the field. Therefore, lower cost is generally achieved at the expense of other desirable properties and all compounds are compromises with various trade-offs considered and balanced by the compounder. Elastomer systems respond to the addition of a few fillers, termed reinforcing agents, in a way that enhances certain properties. Among such substances used in rubber compounding, carbon black is unique in its ability to significantly enhance the properties of nearly any base elastomer system while lowering cost. It is truly more than a simple filler. Buried within the generic term carbon black are many variations on a theme. There are so many facets to carbon black, each altering a rubber compound in its own subtle way, that the number of possible products is almost limitless. Recognition of some of these facets has, in many instances, been easier than devising corresponding testing methods, which would allow process control and exploitation as new products. Indeed, product refinement in the carbon black industry is probably hampered more by lack of definitive testing methods than by any other single problem. Still, a vast amount of progress has been achieved by the industry to the point that carbon black is doubtless the most refined and best-controlled commodity available to the rubber industry.
Carbon black In the simplest terms
In the simplest terms, Malaysian carbon black is essentially elemental carbon in the form of extremely fine particles having an amorphous molecular structure. Buried within the amorphous mass is an infrastructure of microcrystalline arrays of condensed rings. These arrays appear to be similar to the layered condensed ring form exhibited by graphite, which is another form of carbon. The orientation of the arrays within the amorphous mass appears to be random, consequently a large percentage of arrays have open edges of their layer planes at the surface of the particle. Associated with these open edges are large numbers of unsatisfied carbon bonds providing sites for chemical activity. In use, particles remain largely intact and many of the useful properties of carbon black stem from their morphological characteristics while others result from surface activity. Carbon black (carbon black, industrial carbon or black carbon) Carbon black (CB) , is a commercial and amorphous form of pure carbon, and it is used specifically for the production of engineered masses of carbon particles, which in terms of particle size, grain size are used, shape, porosity and surface chemistry are different. Carbon blacks essentially contain carbon in the form of near-spherical particles of colloidal size that are produced during controlled processes by incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons (heavy petroleum products such as FCC bitumen, coal tar or ethylene cracking bitumen
Applications of Carbon black
Malaysian Carbon Black is used in paints and in various other industrial and consumer products. Just like carbon, it is also a versatile material. Carbon black is a black powder made from carbon. Rubber reinforcement. Malaysian Carbon black is a rubber-reinforcing additive used in a multitude of rubber products. In particular, in case of vehicles, large amounts of carbon black are used for tires. In addition, malaysian carbon black is used with rubber to dampen earthquake vibration, in the soles of shoes and in many other products.
- Plastic pigmentation. Compared with other colorants, carbon black has a high coloring power. Therefore. it is used as ink for printing newspapers, as ink-jet toner, and other such uses. It is also suitable as a pigment for heat-molded plastics, car fenders, coating for electric wires and other products.
- Conductors for the electric industry. Since carbon black has excellent conductive properties, it is used as a component for magnetic tapes and semiconductors.
Carbon is a product that is obtained under controlled conditions
Malaysian Carbon black typically contains more than 95% pure carbon with minimal amounts of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur. The concentration of the metal is likewise negligible. The small amount of organic matter present on the surface of carbon black particles (mainly less than 0.1%) can be extracted using toluene . Carbon blacks that undergo oxidative reforming may contain 15% or more oxygen. In the production process, carbon black particles are formed in approximate sizes between 10 and 500 nm. On the other hand, soot (chimney smoke and diesel exhaust soot) is a byproduct of the uncontrolled combustion of hydrocarbons. It is practically impossible to obtain accurate data on the composition of soot because the conditions of its formation are fluctuating and there is no consistency in terms of quality and properties. Malaysian Carbon black can be distinguished from carbon black based on their mineral and organic impurity content. For example, chimney soot may have a carbon content of less than 50%, an extracted content of more than 15%, and an ash content of more than 20%.
Packing of Carbon Black
Carbon Black Grades | Paper Sacks (Kg) | Qty Paper Sacks On Each Pallet | Pallet Qty (Paper Sacks) 20Ft Fcl- 40 Ft Fcl |
Qty (Paper Sacks) Kg 20Ft Fcl- 40 Ft Fcl |
N-330 | 22 | 55 | 8-16 | 9680-19360 |
N-326 | 25 | 55 | 8-16 | 11000-22000 |
N-339 | 21 | 55 | 8-16 | 9240-18480 |
N-347 | 21 | 55 | 8-16 | 9240-18480 |
N-375 | 21 | 55 | 8-16 | 9240-18480 |
N-539 | 21 | 55 | 8-16 | 9240-18480 |
N-550 | 21 | 55 | 8-16 | 9240-18480 |
N-660 | 25 | 55 | 8-16 | 11000-22000 |
Carbon Black Grades | Big Bag (Kg) | Big Bag Qty 20ft FCL – 40ft FCL | Qty (Big Bag) Kg 20ft FCL – 40ft FCL |
N-330 | 900 | 10-20 | 9000-18000 |
N-326 | 1000 | 10-20 | 11000-22000 |
N-339 | 850 | 10-20 | 8500-17000 |
N-347 | 850 | 10-20 | 8500-17000 |
N-375 | 850 | 10-20 | 8500-17000 |
N-539 | 860 | 10-20 | 8600-17200 |
N-550 | 860 | 10-20 | 8600-17200 |
N-660 | 1000 | 10-20 | 10000-20000 |
Carbon Black Specification
NO. | Property | Abbrev. | N – 375 | N – 550 | N – 660 | Unit | ref. test method | W. NO |
1 | Iodine Adsorption Number | IAN | 86 – 94 | 39 – 47 | 32 – 40 | gr/Kg | ASTM D-1510 | WQ – 0608 |
2 | DBP Absorption Number | DBP | 110 – 118 | 117 -125 | 86 – 94 | cm3/100gr | ASTM D-2414 | WQ – 0605 |
3 | Nitrogen Surface Area | NSA | 88 – 98 | 35 – 45 | 30 – 40 | m2/gr | ASTM D-6556 | WQ – 0606 |
4 | CTAB Surface Area | CTAB | 91 – 105 | 35 -49 | 28 – 42 | m2/gr | ASTM D-3765 | WQ – 0604 |
5 | DBP Of Compressed Sample | CDBP | 91 – 101 | 80 – 90 | 69 – 79 | cm3/100gr | ASTM D-3493 | WQ – 0609 |
6 | Sieve Residue (max): | Grit | ASTM D-1514 | WQ – 0616 | ||||
Sieve no. 325 ( 0.045 mm ) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | % | ASTM D1514 | WQ – 0616 | ||
Sieve no. 35 ( 0.5 mm ) | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | % | ASTM D-1514 | WQ – 0616 | ||
7 | Ash Content(max) | Ash | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | % | ASTM D-1506 | WQ – 0601 |
8 | Fines Content(max) (BAG) | Fines | 12 | 12 | 12 | % | ASTM D-1508 | WQ – 0617 |
9 | Fines Content(max)(BIG BAG) | Fines | 7 | 7 | 7 | % | ASTM D-1508 | WQ – 0617 |
10 | Individual Pellet Strength | IPHT | 10 – 40 | 10 – 40 | 10 – 40 | CN | ASTM D-5230 | |
11 | Heating Loss(max) | H.Loss | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | % | ASTM D-1509 | WQ – 0615 |
12 | Tint Strength | Tint | 109 – 119 | 58 – 68 | 55 -65 | % ITRB | ASTM D-3265 | WQ – 0607 |
13 | Pour Density | 320 – 370 | 335 – 385 | 415 – 465 | Kg/m3 | ASTM D-1513 | WQ – 0611 | |
14 | Toluene Discoloration (min) | Toluene | 80 | 75 | 75 | % | ASTM D-1618 | WQ – 0612 |
15 | Volatile Content(max) | Volatile | 1 | 1 | 1 | % | WQ – 0610 | |
15 | PH(MIN) | PH | 7 | 7 | 7 | ASTM D-1512 | WQ – 0614 | |
16 | Sulfur(MAX) | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | % | ASTM D-1619 | WQ – 0603 |
Carbon black feature
NO. | Property | Abbrev. | N – 220 | N – 330 | Unit | ref. test method | W. NO |
1 | Iodine Adsorption Number | IAN | 117 – 125 | 78 – 86 | gr/Kg | ASTM D-1510 | WQ – 0608 |
2 | DBP Absorption Number | DBP | 110 – 118 | 98 -106 | cm3/100gr | ASTM D-2414 | WQ – 0605 |
3 | Nitrogen Surface Area | NSA | 114 – 124 | 73 – 83 | m2/gr | ASTM D-6556 | WQ – 0606 |
4 | CTAB Surface Area | CTAB | 104 – 118 | 76 – 90 | m2/gr | ASTM D-3765 | WQ – 0604 |
5 | DBP Of Compressed Sample | CDBP | 93 – 103 | 83 – 93 | cm3/100gr | ASTM D-3493 | WQ – 0609 |
6 | Sieve Residue (max): | Grit | ASTM D-1514 | WQ – 0616 | |||
Sieve no. 325 ( 0.045 mm ) | 0.1 | 0.1 | % | ASTM D1514 | WQ – 0616 | ||
Sieve no. 35 ( 0.5 mm ) | 0.001 | 0.001 | % | ASTM D-1514 | WQ – 0616 | ||
7 | Ash Content(max) | Ash | 0.75 | 0.75 | % | ASTM D-1506 | WQ – 0601 |
8 | Fines Content(max) (BAG) | Fines | 12 | 12 | % | ASTM D-1508 | WQ – 0617 |
Fines Content(max)(BIG BAG) | Fines | 7 | 7 | % | ASTM D-1508 | WQ – 0617 | |
9 | Individual Pellet Strength | IPHT | 10 – 40 | 10 – 40 | CN | ASTM D-5230 | |
10 | Heating Loss(max) | H.Loss | 2 | 2 | % | ASTM D-1509 | WQ – 0615 |
11 | Tint Strength | Tint | 111 – 121 | 99 – 109 | % ITRB | ASTM D-3265 | WQ – 0607 |
12 | Pour Density | 330 – 380 | 355 – 405 | Kg/m3 | ASTM D-1513 | WQ – 0611 | |
13 | Toluene Discoloration (min) | Toluene | 80 | 80 | % | ASTM D-1618 | WQ – 0612 |
14 | Volatile Content(max) | Volatile | 1 | 1 | % | WQ – 0610 | |
15 | Sulfur (MAX) | 2.5 | 2.5 | % | ASTM D-1619 | WQ – 0603 |